Anatolian Civilizations
Recent years of the Republic
When Ataturk was dead in 10 November 1938 the political system was based on one party for a transitional period. Second world war was not…
Ataturk’s Reforms
For Ataturk, the restructuring of society could only be achieved through serious measures like adopting a constitution (in 1924), replacement of the Arabic alphabet by…
The war of Independence
After the empire was disintegrated and the Allies invaded the lands of the Ottoman empire in line with the Sevres Agreement, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was…
The Ottoman Empire
After the period of disintegration of the Seljuks Kingdom due the Mongol attacks, Anatolia lost its unity and divided into numerous regions of warrior Turk…
The Anatolian Seljuks
The Seljuk Turks were the descendants of the Oguz (Uz ) Turks. They had to leave their ancestral lands in Central Asia between Ural and…
The Byzantine Empire
The success and the longevity (1123 years) of the Byzantine Empire was not based on faith but rather was, a result of clever, flexible and…
Ancient Cities
Cappadocia
Cappadocia is a historical region in Central Anatolia, largely in the Nevşehir, Kayseri, Kırşehir, Aksaray, and Niğde Provinces in Turkey. According to Herodotus, in the…
Constantinople
Constantinople (Istanbul) was the capital city of the Byzantine Empire and the later Ottoman empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 AD from ancient Byzantium as…
Mount Nemrut
Nemrut or Nemrud is a 2,134-metre-high (7,001 ft) mountain in southeastern Turkey, notable for the summit where a number of large statues are erected around…
Ephesus
Ephesus was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, three kilometres southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in…
